Cross-Tabulations are used to show relationships between responses made for two survey questions. The responses from two questions are displayed in a table. Microsoft Excel describes cross-tabulations as Pivot Tables. Microsoft describes charts created from cross-tabulation data as Pivot Charts.

The choices for the first question are displayed to the left (the row labels) of the table data. The second question choices are displayed across the top of the table (the column headings). This can be flipped by using the Pivot button at the bottom of this tab page. The counts indicate the number of survey responses that matched both the column heading choice and the row label choice. Charts are also created to show the relationships between the selected survey questions.

The short descriptions after the question numbers are Topic Phrases. Topic phrases for questions are entered on the Design Menu - Edit Questions - Option/Values tab. These question topics are also used for column and row labels. The survey question type and number of question choices determines the number of options for the selected question. The top 9 text responses for an Open-Text question are used for the cross-tabulation analysis.

Select the two survey question numbers by selecting the question options, then click on the Create button. Results are displayed on the View Analysis and HTML Viewer pages. For each choice for the first question, the totals for all choices of the second question are found. Topic phrases entered with the survey questions are used with the column and row headings.

The Clear button clears all information from the View Analysis, HTML Viewer, and View Chart tabbed pages.

When the Create button is clicked, a table for the question pair is created. For each choice for the first question, the totals for all choices from the second question are found. If settings are changed, or marked check boxes are changed, the Create button needs to be clicked to force a recalculation and refresh all reports and chart information.

The Question button displays question details when clicked. This provides a short-cut to display the same screen accessed from the Design Menu - Question Summaries selection.

Clicking the Pivot Data button will switch the first and second questions. The rows and columns in the reports and the charts are also changed.

If the Automatic Calculation check box is marked, and the selected questions are valid, the calculation will be performed before this screen is displayed.

If checked, an extra column will be added to the reports to indicate the number of respondents that did not answer the question. The No Response totals would also be included in the percentage calculations.

The analysis and HTML reports can include the letter choice identifier (A., B., C., etc.) next to the text choice.

If checked the column headings will use a bold font on the analysis reports.

If checked, the color selected on the Preferences Menu will be used. If unchecked the HTML background will be white.

If checked, the HTML headings are shaded gray, and alternate rows of data are shaded with light yellow and white on a light yellow background. If this is unchecked the HTML pages are displayed with a white background, and no shading. The reports will also include a 10% gray shading if checked.

Horizontal and vertical lines can be included on the reports, to make it easier to view text choices and columns of data. If checked the main lines are included in the display and printed reports. See Show All Grid Lines to reveal hidden lines used to change column widths.

Some lines separating columns are hidden. These grid lines allow you to change the column widths for each question. After changing the column widths, You can remove the lines with the checkbox on each report screen, so they do not print in your final reports. The setting for Include All Report Grid Lines determines if the grid lines are included on the printed reports.

The analysis can show any combination of the counts of each cross-tabulation, the row percentages, and column percentages of each cell.

If the check box is marked, the text for both questions is included above the cross-tabulation table.

Below the pivot table, each question, and the total responses to each choice are included in the report.

The width of the data columns can be varied. The left column is usually the question choice text. The remaining data columns occupy the rest of the report width.

Sometimes changing the number of columns displayed in a table, makes a better presentation. If checked the number of columns in each table will be changed. This is usually effective when a large number of choices requires multiple tables to display the analysis.

The number displayed next to the spinner determines the number of decimal places (up to 3) displayed for the column and row percentages.

The distribution size is used with (17) Numeric Entry, (9,13) Numeric Group, (10) 3-Column Numeric, and (23,27) 5-Column Numeric question types.) This setting has no effect on other question types. Up to 15 numeric ranges can be selected by selecting a number on the spinner. The minimum and maximum values values are found to determine the total range. Then the total range is divided into the number selected on the spinner to display how the values are distributed. These ranges are used for the column and row headings. If the range is less than the spinner number, the range of integer values is used. This setting has no effect on other non-numeric question types.

The reports can be edited, and can be copied to the Windows clipboard, saved as an RTF file, PDF file, or printed out. RTF files can be read by most word processors, including Microsoft Word. Text can be highlighted, and the default fonts can be changed. You can determine where to start new pages in these reports by positioning the cursor after the last table row, and pressing Control-Enter.

If the report columns are too narrow (or too wide) to display your survey data properly, the column widths can be changed. Place your cursor to the side of the column you wish to resize, then slowly move it until the cursor changes to a sizing arrow. Click the mouse button and hold it down. Still holding the mouse button down, drag the cursor to the left or the right to increase or decrease the width of the column.

Some lines separating columns are hidden. These grid lines allow you to change the column widths for each question. After changing the column widths, You can remove the lines with the checkbox on each report screen, so they do not print in your final reports. The setting for Include All Report Grid Lines determines if the grid lines are included on the printed reports.

A single HTML page with all tables is created when the create button is clicked. You determined the colors and fonts on the Design Menu - Preferences selections. The HTML file can be saved and printed using the buttons on the tool bar. Check boxes on the Selection tab can remove the background color, alternate row shading, and the table grid lines.

Descriptions of all chart options (Introduction, Background, Headings, Legend, Graph, Chart Data, and Chart Table) have been consolidated in the Survey Charts chapter of this manual.